我的填空总结（NO+9094）

作者：fengyi 2002-4-21 10:05:27 taisha 时间：2002/04/20 07:02pm 　

　

分类总结的。希望对大家有用处。

多多交流。5.24鼎钧

fengyi0915@163.com

逻辑关系，重复，感情色彩

1 逻辑关系
1.A 因果关系
关键词
because , in that , for , therefore , thus , accordingly ,
consequently , given , hence ,
so ... that , so ... as to ... , if ... then ... ,
when ... then ... , as long as ...
in the sense that ...

1. In part of the Arctic , the land grades into the landfast
ice so ____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over
the hidden sea.
permanently
imperceptibly
regularly
precariously
slightly

2. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen
and Rachel Brown were ____ not only because these results challenged
old assumptions but also because they called the ____ methodology
into question.
provocative ... prevailing
predictable ... contemporary
inconclusive ... traditional
intriguing ... projected
specious ... original

3. Although Johnson ____ great enthusiasm for his employees'
project , in reality his interest in the project was so ____ as to be
almost nonexistent.
feigned ... perfunctory

4. Broadway audiences have become inured to ____ and so ____
to be pleased as to make their ready ovations meaningless as an
indicator of the quality of the production before them.
sentimentality ... reluctant
condescension ... disinclined
histrionics ... unlikely
cleverness ... eager
mediocrity ... desperate

5. Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the
sense that it is a collective attempt to ____ experience by reducing
it into discrete parcels.
extrapolate
transcribe
complicate
amplify
manage
注：由conspiracy可知空格为贬义词 ,

6. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still
standing have been so modified and enlarged that the ____ design is
no longer ____ .
pertinent ... relevant
intended ... necessary
embellished ... attractive
appropriate ... applicable
initial ... discernible
注：no longer是对过去的状态的否定。

7. There are , as yet , no vegetation types or ecosystems
whose study has been ____ to the extent that they no longer ____
ecologists.
perfected ... hinder
exhausted ... interest
prolonged ... require
prevented ... challenge
delayed ... benefit

8. A leading chemist believes that many scientists have
difficulty with stereochemistry because much of the relevant
nomenclature is ____ , in that it combines concepts that should be
kept ____ .
obscure ... interrelated
specialized ... intact
subtle ... inviolate
descriptive ... separate
imprecise ... discrete

9. During periods of social and cultural stability , many art
academies are so firmly controlled by ____ that all real creative
work must be done by the ____ .
dogmatists ... disenfranchised
managers ... reactionaries
reformers ... dissatisfied
imposters ... academicians
specialists ... elite

10. The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult
of the criminal so dangerous that he criticized Dickens' Oliver Twist
for making the characters in the thieves' kitchen so ____ .
threatening
riveting
conniving
fearsome
irritating

11. The legislators of 1563 realized the ____ of trying to
regulate the flow of labor without securing its reasonable
remuneration , and so the second part of the statute dealt with
establishing wages.
intricacy
anxiety
futility
necessity
decadence

强调原因的句型：
关键词：
only by ignoring , only by failing to see , only by failing to
recognize ...

12. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency
could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide
anything more than a ____ solution to the company's financial woes.
fair
temporary
genuine
realistic
complete
注： anything more than 不仅仅是
nothing more than 只不过是
nothing little more than 只不过仅仅是
nothing but 绝不是

13. Roman historians who study the period 30 B.C. to A.D. 180
can ____ the "Augustan peace" only by failing to recognize that this
peace in many respects resembled that of death.
decry
applaud
ridicule
demand
disprove

1.B 目的_手段_结果
关键词
in order to , by , for , result from , lead to ... , through , in
terms of , on basis of

14. The natural balance between prey and predator has been
increasingly ____ , most frequently by human intervention.
celebrated
predicted
observed
disturbed
questioned
动词＋ by（through , in terms of , on basis of）＋动名词或抽象名词

15. Although nothing could be further from the truth , freight
railroads have been ____ of ____ the nation's shift from oil to coal
by charging exorbitant fees to transport coal.
accused ... impeding
proud ... accelerating
guilty ... delaying
conscious ... contributing to
wary ...  interfering with

16. Having no sense of moral obligation , Shipler was as little
subject to the ____ of conscience after he acted as he was motivated
by its ____ before he acted.
rewards ... chastisement
balm ... eloquence
reproaches ... prompting
ridicule ... allure
qualms ... atonement

17. The reduction of noise has been ____ in terms of ____ its
sources , but the alternative of canceling noise out by adding sound
with the opposite wave pattern may be more useful in practice.
justified ... diffusing
accomplished ... tracking
conceived ... concealing
explained ... isolating
approached ... eliminating
注：in terms of重复by , 所以空格是adding sound的反义词（这么极端的思
维？！）。

18. Once a duckling has identified a parent , the instinctive
bond becomes a powerful ____ for additional learning since , by ____
the parent , the duckling can acquire further information that is not
genetically transmitted.
impulse ... surpassing
referent ... recognizing
force ... acknowledging
inspiration ... emulating
channel ... mimicking

19. The ____ of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies is
one ____ of the illusions built into games of chance in order to
misguide players and take their money.
distortion ... outcome
restriction ... result
maintenance ... function
prediction ... accomplishment
demonstration ... prerequisite

20. Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to present herself as
having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having ____ the conflicting
elements of her life.
affirmed
highlighted
reconciled
confined
identified

1.C 转折关系
关键词
albeit , although , though , but , despite , even though , however ,
in spite of , nevertheless , nonetheless , notwithstanding , while ,
whatever , regardless , even if , even though , yet , and yet

21. Nineteenth-century scholars , by examining earlier
geometric Greek art , found that classical Greek art was not a
magical ____ or a brilliant ____ blending Egyptian and Assyrian art ,
but was independently evolved by Greeks in Greece.
apparition ... amalgam

22. Without the psychiatrist's promise of confidentiality ,
trust is ____ and the patient's communication limited; even though
confidentiality can thus be seen to be precious in therapy , moral
responsibility sometimes requires a willingness to ____ it.
implicit ... extend
ambiguous ... apply
prevented ... uphold
assumed ... examine
impaired ... sacrifice

23. The newborn human infant is not a passive figure , nor an
active one , but what might be called an actively ____ one , eagerly
attentive as it is to sights and sounds.
adaptive
selective
inquisitive
receptive
intuitive
注：actively与passive反义 , 所以空格应该与active反义 , 为消极被动之
意。

24. Even though formidable winters are the norm in the
Dakotas , many people were unprepared for the ____ of the blizzard of
1888.
inevitability
ferocity
importance
probability
mildness

25. Although the architect's concept at first sounded too ____
to be ____ , his careful analysis of every aspect of the project
convinced the panel that the proposed building was indeed ,
structurally feasible.
mundane ... attractive
eclectic ... appealing
grandiose ... affordable
innovative ... ignored
visionary ... practicable

26. Some paleontologists debate whether the diversity of
species has ____ since the Cambrian period , or whether imperfections
in the fossil record only suggest greater diversity today , while in
actuality there has been either ____ or decreased diversity.
changed ... escalation
increased ... stasis
expanded ... discontinuity
declined ... reduction
improved ... deviation

27. The labor union and the company's management , despite
their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly
every issue , have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly ____ , albeit
still tentative , agreement on next year's contract.
swift
onerous
hesitant
reluctant
conclusive
注：空格和tentative同时修饰一个名词 , 并且有转折关系 , 则此时为褒贬转
折。所以不能是conclusive（对立面转折）。

28. Although ancient tools were ____ preserved , enough have
survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but
generally ____ progress through prehistory.
partially ... noticeable
superficially ... necessary
unwittingly ... documented
rarely ... continual
needlessly ... incessant

29. In the machinelike world of classical physics , the human
intellect appears ____ , since the mechanical nature of classical
physics does not ____ creative reasoning , the very ability that had
made the formulation of classical principles possible.
anomalous ... allow for
abstract ... speak to
anachronistic ... deny
enduring ... value
contradictory ... exclude
注：无明显关键词

1.D 递进关系
关键词
even , indeed ... , not only ... but also ...

30. He was regarded by his followers , as something of ____ ,
not only because of his insistence on strict discipline , but also
because of his ____ adherence to formal details.
a martinet ... rigid
an authority ... sporadic
a tyrant ... reluctant
a fraud ... conscientious
an acolyte ... maniacal

31. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished
convictions; indeed , we almost have a natural ____ doing so.
aptitude for
repugnance to
interest in
ignorance of
reaction after

32. In the seventeenth century , direct flouting of a generally
accepted system of values was regarded as ____ , even as a sign of
madness.
adventurous
frivolous
willful
impermissible
irrational

33. Despite assorted effusions to the contrary , there is no
necessary link between scientific skill and humanism , and , quite
possibly , there may be something of a ____ between them.
generality
fusion
congruity
dichotomy
reciprocity
注：无明显关键词

1.E 对比关系
1.E.1 关键词
unlike , while , whereas , in contrast , on the contrary , far from ,
on the other hand , rather than , instead of , not ... but , more ...
than;
paradoxically , ironically , puzzling , surprisingly , unexpectedly ,
curiously;
shift from ... to ... , oscillate between ... and ... , decay
from ... to ... , reconcile ... with ... , replace ... with ... ,
distinguish from ... to ... , oscillate between ... and ...;
not so much ... as ...
either ... or ...

34. In failing to see that the justice's pronouncement merely
____ previous decisions rather than actually establishing a
precedent , the novice law clerk ____ the scope of the justice's
judgment.
qualified(引用) ... overemphasized
注：precious decisions 和 precedent 同义 , 空格与establishing反义

35. It is puzzling to observe that Jones's novel has recently
been criticized for its ____ structure , since commentators have
traditionally argued that its most obvious ____ is its relentlessly
rigid , indeed schematic , framework.
lack of ... flaw

36. During the 1960's assessments of the family shifted
remarkably , from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile , stable
institution to widespread ____ it as an oppressive and bankrupt one
whose ____ was both imminent and welcome.
flight from ... restitution
fascination with ... corruption
rejection of ... vogue
censure of ... dissolution
relinquishment of ... ascent

37. Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened
intellectual , historians of the 1960's portrayed him as ____
thinker , eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while
censoring ideas he did not like.
an adventurous
a doctrinaire
an eclectic
a judicious
a cynical
注：a skeptical but enlightened intellectual 结构：表示intellectual同
时具有skeptical和enlightened的性质。并且强调后者 , 所以上题的空格应该
与enlightened反义。
如果出现两个用but连接的形容词修饰一个名词的情况 , 这两个形容词应该：转
折 , 不是对立的反义 , 通常为褒贬转折关系。

38. The sale of Alaska was not so much an American coup as a
matter of ____ for an imperial Russia that was short of cash and
unable to ____ its own continental coastline.
expediency ... defend

39. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) is still worth
reading , more to appreciate the current ____ of Smith's valid
contributions to economics than to see those contributions as the
____ of present-day economics.
disregard ... outgrowths
reaffirmation ... concerns
relevance ... precursors
acceptance ... byproducts
importance ... vestiges
注：上文的 the current ____ 应该与下文的 the ____ 反义。

40. Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy , her
first reaction was curiously ____ .
meditative
tepid
categorical
unoriginal
insightful

41. No one is ____ about Stephens; he inspires either
uncritical adulation or profound ____ in those who work for him.
neutral ... antipathy
infuriated ... aversion
worried ... anxiety
enthusiastic ... veneration
apprehensive ... consternation
注：反义。第二个空格应该与adulation反义。

42. The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated
his life , it never ____ him; indeed , he turned its use to ____ when
he published the story of its influence in the London Magazine.
overcame ... altruism
intimidated ... triumph
distressed ... pleasure
conquered ... gain
released ... necessity
注：turn to是表示对立面的转折 , 和shift from ... to ... 和oscillate
between ... and ... 相同。

43. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the ____ of the
wealthy until the 1850's , when mass production , aggressive
entrepreneurs , and the availability of the sewing machine made them
____ the middle class.
aspiration ... disagreeable to
vexation ... superfluous for
bane ... profitable to
prerogative ... accessible to
obligation ... popular with

44. Although a few delegates gave the opposition's suggestions
a ____ response , most greeted the statement of a counterposition
with ____ .
favorable ... approval
dispirited ... reluctance
surly ... resentment
halfhearted ... composure
vitriolic ... civility

45. Unlike other creatures , who are shaped largely by their
____ environment , human beings are products of a culture accumulated
over centuries , yet one that is constantly being ____ by massive
infusions of new information from everywhere.
harsh ... unconfirmed
surrounding ... upheld
immediate ... transformed
natural ... mechanized
limited. superseded

46. The ____ costumes of Renaissance Italy , with their gold
and silver embroidery and figured brocades , were the antithesis of
Spanish ____ , with its dark muted colors , plain short capes , and
high collars edged with small ruffs.
striking ... obliqueness
extravagant ... profligacy
austere ... informality
unpretentious ... asceticism
sumptuous ... sobriety

47. Although scientists claim that the seemingly ____ language
of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of
fiction , the language of science , like all language , is inherently
____ .
ornamental ... subtle
unidimensional ... unintelligible
symbolic ... complex
literal ... allusive
subjective ... metaphorical

48. The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter , when we
consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene
goddess , is her ____ search for her daughter.
extended
agitated
comprehensive
motiveless
heartless

49. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated
between ____ and condescension; but in general later writers have
esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary ____
dismissal ... admirers
adoration ... contemporaries
disapproval ... readers
indifference ... followers
approbation ... precursors

1.E.2 同程度比较
关键词
correspondingly , in much the same way , similarly , just as ... .so
50. Scholars' sense of the uniqueness of the central concept
of "the state" at the time when political science became an academic
field quite naturally led to striving for a correspondingly ____ mode
of study.
thorough
distinctive
dependable
scientific
dynamic

51. Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation slows the rate of
growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the same way
that the low heat used in pasteurization ____ the spoilage action of
the microorganisms in milk.
precludes
initiates
inhibits
isolates
purifies

1.E.3 时间对比型
关键词
once , initially , early , formerly , pristine , now , recently ,
current , later , before , after , until , no longer ...
begin , start , initial , launch , end , finish , conclude

52. When theories formerly considered to be ____ in their
scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent
observational and evaluative bias , then the presumed neutrality of
science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are
human ____ .
disinterested ... constructions

53. Created to serve as perfectly as possible their workaday
____ , the wooden storage boxes made in America's Shaker communities
are now ____ for their beauty.
function ... valued

54. Until the current warming trend exceeds the range of normal
climatic fluctuations , there will be , among scientists ,
considerable ____ the possibility that increasing levels of
atmospheric CO2 can cause long-term warming effects.
uncertainty about
注：until单独用等于before , 时间对比

55. While she initially suffered the fate of many pioneers --
the incomprehension of her colleagues -- octogenarian Nobel laureate
Barbara McClintock has lived to ____ the triumph of her once ____
scientific theories.
descry ... innovative
regret ... insignificant
perpetuate ... tentative
enjoy ... authoritative
savor ... heterodox

56. The theory of cosmic evolution states that the universe ,
having begun in a state of simplicity and ____ , has ____ into great
variety.
equilibrium ... modulated
homogeneity ... differentiated
contrast ... metamorphosed
proportion ... accelerated
intelligibility ... developed

57. Salazar's presence in the group was so ____ the others that
they lost most of their earlier ____  failure , for them , became
all but unthinkable.
reassuring to ... trepidation
unnoticed by ... curiosity
unusual to ... harmony
endearing to ... confidence
unexpected by ... exhilaration
注：all but + n. 表示除了以外
all but + adj. 表示almost

58. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the
eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval ____ natural
settings had been ____ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed
without trepidation.
fear of ... exorcised
concerns about ... regained
affection for ... surmounted
disinterest in ... alleviated
enthusiasm for ... confronted

59. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye
cause child prodigies to ____ the world of achievement before
reaching adulthood: happily , they sometimes later return to
competition and succeed brilliantly.
ridicule
conquer
retire from
antagonize
examine

60. Within the next decade , sophisticated telescopes now
orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are
moving , ____ the incipient ____ among geologists about the validity
of the theory of continental drift.
obviating ... consensus
forestalling ... rift
escalating ... debates
engendering ... speculation
resolving ... rumors

61. Scientists' pristine reputation as devotees of the
disinterested pursuit of truth has been ____ by recent evidence that
some scientists have deliberately ____ experimental results to
further their own careers.
reinforced ... published
validated ... suppressed
exterminated ... replicated
compromised ... fabricated
resuscitated ... challenged

62. Although Johnson's and Smith's initial fascination with the
fortunes of those jockeying for power in the law firm ____ after a
few months , the two paid sufficient attention to determine who their
lunch partners should be.
revived
emerged
intensified
flagged
persisted

63. Before about 1960 , virtually all accounts of evolution
assumed most adaptation to be a product of selection at the level of
populations; recent studies of evolution , however , have found no
____ this ____ view of selection.
departures from ... controversial
basis for ... pervasive
bias toward ... unchallenged
precursors of ... innovative
criticisms of ... renowned

64. Future generations will probably consider current
speculations about humanity's place in the universe to be ____
omissions and errors; even rigorous scientific views change ,
sometimes overnight.
immune from
marred by
uncorrupted by
correct despite
abridged by

1.F 并列关系
1.F.1 特殊并列句
65. It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody
would think of denying , that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes
with all the characteristics of ____ .
maturity
注：prove的从句出现两个 , what ... that ...

66. Regardless of what ____ theories of politics may propound ,
there is nothing that requires daily politics to be clear ,
thorough , and consistent-nothing , that is , that requires reality
to conform to theory.
vague
assertive
casual
vicious
tidy
注：第一个并列句可得出结论：日常的政治行动是不清楚、不彻底、不具有逻辑
性的；而第二个并列句 , 再由日常政治行动即为现实可知：理论是清楚彻底并
逻辑高度一致的。空格要求填一个修饰理论的形容词。

67. A leading chemist believes that many scientists have
difficulty with stereochemistry because much of the relevant
nomenclature is ____ , in that it combines concepts that should be
kept ____ .
obscure ... interrelated
specialized ... intact
subtle ... inviolate
descriptive ... separate
imprecise ... discrete

68. The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest poets of
his age were almost necessarily irresponsible , that the possession
of great gifts ____ the ____ to abuse them.
negates ... temptation
controls ... resolution
engenders ... propensity
tempers ... proclivity
obviates ... inclination
注：重复 , 所以空格应该与were almost necessarily重复。

69. Ethologists are convinced that many animals survive through
learning -- but learning that is ____ their genetic programming ,
learning as thoroughly ____ as the most instinctive of behavioral
responses.
superseded by ... primitive
compatible with ... transient
complementary to ... familiar
derived from ... inventive
dictated by ... stereotyped

70. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the
eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval ____ natural
settings had been ____ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed
without trepidation.
fear of ... exorcised
concerns about ... regained
affection for ... surmounted
disinterest in ... alleviated
enthusiasm for ... confronted

71. A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine will
continue to ____ and that , therefore , formal professional training
can never be an ____ guide to good practice.
vary ... adaptable
change ... absolute
ossify ... inflexible
pertain ... invaluable
intensify ... obsolescent

72. Marshall's confrontational style could alienate almost
anyone: he even antagonized a board of directors that included a
number of his supporters and that had a reputation for not being
easily ____ .
intimidated
mollified
reconciled
provoked
motivated

73. Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the
fact that the research institute had been ____ a position of
preeminence , since it was she who had ____ the transformation.
reduced to ... controlled
raised to ... observed
mired in ... imagined
maintained in ... created
returned to ... directed

1.F.2 并列主语：
主语为并列主语 , 其表语可以分为两类：相同或不同。
74. The characterization of historical analysis as a form of
fiction is not likely to be received ____ by either historians or
literary critics , who agree that history and fiction deal with ____
orders of experience.
sympathetically ... distinct

75. The natures of social history and lyric poetry are ____ ,
social history always recounting the ____ and lyric poetry speaking
for unchanging human nature , that timeless essence beyond fashion
and economics.
predetermined ... bygone
antithetical ... evanescent
interdependent ... unnoticed
irreconcilable ... unalterable
indistinguishable ... transitory

1.F.3 不提倡用并列关系来解题
76. Without seeming unworldly , William James appeared wholly
removed from the ____ of society , the conventionality of academe.(分
隔)
ethos
idealism
romance
paradoxes
commonplaces

77. Kagan maintains that an infant's reactions to its first
stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development ,
not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or ____ signs of adolescent
anxiety.
prophetic
normal
monotonous
virtual
typical

2 重复

2.A 解释型重复：

78. Not all the indicators necessary to convey the effect of
depth in a picture work simultaneously , the picture's illusion of
____ three-dimensional appearance must therefore result from the
viewer's integration of various indicators perceived ____ .
imitative ... coincidentally
uniform ... successively
temporary ... comprehensively
expressive ... sympathetically
schematic ... passively

79. In the midst of so many evasive comments , this forthright
statement , whatever its intrinsic merit , plainly stands out as ____
a paradigm
a misnomer
a profundity
an inaccuracy
an anomaly

80. Copyright and patent laws attempt to encourage innovation
by ensuring that inventors are paid for creative , so it would be
____ if expanded protection under these laws discouraged
entrepreneurial innovation by increasing fears of lawsuits.
desirable
coincidental
ironic
natural
sensible

81. The Muses are ____ deities: they avenge themselves without
mercy on those who weary of their charms.
rueful
ingenuous
solicitous
vindictive
dispassionate

82. Speakers and listeners arc often at odds: language that is
easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to ____ , and
that which is easily formulated can be hard to ____ .
estimate ... confirm
transmit. defend
produce ... comprehend
suppress ... ignore
remember ... forget

83. Melodramas , which presented stark oppositions between
innocence and criminality , virtue and corruption , good and evil ,
were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ____
of ____ .
bereft ... theatricality
composed ... adversity
full ... circumstantiality
deprived ... polarity
devoid ... neutrality

84. Famous among job seekers for its ____ , the company , quite
apart from generous salaries , bestowed on its executives annual
bonuses and such ____ as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.
magnanimity ... reparations
inventiveness ... benefits
largesse ... perquisites
discernment ... prerogatives
altruism ... credits

2.B 根据语法现象推断重复

85. The self-important cant of musicologists on record jackets
often suggests that true appreciation of the music is an ____ process
closed to the uninitiated listener , however enthusiastic.
unreliable
arcane
arrogant
elementary
intuitive

86. Psychology has slowly evolved into an ____ scientific
discipline that now functions autonomously with the same privileges
and responsibilities as other sciences.
independent
unusual
outmoded
uncontrolled
inactive
87. In a ____ society that worships efficiency , it is
difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of
____ decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a
society.
bureaucratic ... edifying
pragmatic ... hardheaded
rational ... well intentioned
competitive ... evenhanded
modern ... dysfunctional

88. The valedictory address , as it has developed in American
colleges and universities over the years , has become a very strict
form , a literary ____ that permits very little ____ .
text ... clarity
work ... tradition
genre ... deviation
oration ... grandiloquence
achievement ... rigidity

89. Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women
than by men , but this dominance has , until very recently , been
regarded merely as ____ fact , a bit of arcane knowledge noted only
by bibliographers.
a controversial
a statistical
an analytical
an explicit
an unimpeachable

2.C 根据一些明显的指示词来寻找重复
such , this , that , which , the , remain , continue

90. Dependence on foreign sources of heavy metals , though
____ , remains ____ for United States foreign policy.
deepening ... a challenge
diminishing ... a problem
excessive ... a dilemma
debilitating ... an embarrassment
unavoidable ... a precedent

91. Opponents of the expansion of the market economy , although
in ____ , continued to constitute ____ political force throughout the
century.
error ... an inconsequential
retreat ... a powerful
disarray ... a disciplined
jeopardy ... an ineffective
command ... a viable

92. The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal
delicacy and continued in a cloud of ____ as ____ as language and
literature , skillfully used , could make it.
circumlocution ... literal
cliche ... lucid
euphemism ... impenetrable
particularity ... deliberate
subjectivity ... enthralling

93. To test the ____ of borrowing from one field of study to
enrich another , simply investigate the extent to which terms from
the one may , without forcing , be ____ the other.
risk ... confused with
universality ... applied to
decorum ... illuminated by
rate ... superseded by
efficacy ... utilized by

94. An obvious style , easily identified by some superficial
quirk , is properly ____ as a mere mannerism , whereas a complex and
subtle style ____ reduction to a formula.
avoided ... risks
decried（感情色彩） ... resists
prized ... withstands(反抗)
identified ... consists of
cultivated ... demands

95. The proponents of recombinant DNA research have decided to
____ federal regulation of their work; they hope that by making this
compromise they can forestall proposed state and local controls that
might be even stiffer.
protest
institute
deny
encourage
disregard

96. Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be
____ , which makes them ____ unless the authorities have the will and
the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.
contested ... provisional
circumvented ... antiquated
repealed ... vulnerable
violated ... ineffective
modified ... unstable

97. Social tensions among adult factions can be ____ by
politics , but adolescents and children have no such ____ for
resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.
intensified ... attitude
complicated ... relief
frustrated ... justification
adjusted ... mechanism
revealed ... opportunity

2.D 跟上下义词的概念相关的题目

98. This final essay , its prevailing kindliness ____ by
occasional flashes of savage irony , bespeaks the ____ character of
the author.
illuminated ... imperturbable
marred ... dichotomous
untainted ... vindictive
exemplified ... chivalrous
diluted ... ruthless

99. Our times seem especially ____ to bad ideas , probably
because in throwing off the shackles of tradition , we have ended up
being quite ____ untested theories and untried remedies.
impervious ... tolerant of
hostile ... dependent on
hospitable ... vulnerable to
prone ... wary of
indifferent ... devoid of
注：end up being sth 是“以 ... 收场” , being后面的状态是结构状态 ,
即变化后的现在的状态。所以两个空格为同义词。我们和我们的时代 , 作者和
作者的书 , 科学家和科学家的理论等等通常可以看作是同义重复。

100. Just as the authors' book on eels is often a key text for
courses in marine vertebrate zoology , their ideas on animal
development and phylogeny ____ teaching in this area.
prevent
defy
replicate
inform
use

101. Professional photographers generally regard inadvertent
surrealism in a photograph as a curse rather than a blessing;
magazine photographers , in particular , consider themselves ____ to
the extent that they can ____ its presence in their photographs.
skillful ... enhance
inadequate ... eliminate
original ... demonstrate
fortunate ... minimize
conventional ... highlight
注：Professional photographers 和 magazine photographers 属于上下义
词。

102. Heavily perfumed white flowers , such as gardenias , were
favorites with collectors in the eighteenth century , when ____ was
valued much more highly than it is today.
scent
beauty
elegance
color
variety

103. Remelting old metal cans rather than making primary
aluminum from bauxite ore shipped from overseas saves producers
millions of dollars in ____ and production costs.
distribution
salvage
storage
procurement
research

104. In an age without radio or recordings , an age ____ by
print , fiction gained its greatest ascendancy.
decimated
denigrated
dominated
emphasized
resurrected

2.E 解题上看似涉及背景知识的题目直接找重复：

105. The new biological psychiatry does not deny the
contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses , but
posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing
physiological conditions and ____ such illnesses.
disguise
impede
constrain
precipitate
consummate

106. Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at
themselves , although a hint of ____ can boost sales of video clips
very nicely.
self-deprecation
congeniality
cynicism
embarrassment
self doubt

107. A perennial goal in zoology is to infer function from
____ , relating the ____ of an organism to its physical form and
cellular organization.
age ... ancestry
classification ... appearance
size ... movement
structure ... behavior
location ... habitat

108. The pressure of population on available resources is the
key to understanding history; consequently , any historical writing
that takes no cognizance of ____ facts is ____ flawed.
demographic ... intrinsically
ecological ... marginally
cultural ... substantively
psychological ... philosophically
political ... demonstratively
注：两个空格其中一格填副词的题目 , 在绝大多数情况下 , 解题时可以先忽略
掉这个空格

2.F 重复关系相对不明显的一些情况：
109. Among the many ____ of the project , expense cannot be
numbered; the goals of the project's promoters can be achieved with
impressive ____ .
highlights ... efficiency
features ... savings
disadvantages ... innovation
claims ... speed
defects ... economy

110. Their mutual teasing seemed ____ , but in fact it ____ a
long-standing hostility.
aimless ... produced
friendly ... masked
playful ... contravened
bitter ... revealed
clever ... averted

111. Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause
inherited diseases , acting most strongly against the most severe
diseases; consequently , hereditary diseases that are ____ would be
expected to be very ____ , but , surprisingly , they are not.
lethal ... rare
untreated ... dangerous
unusual ... refractory
new ... perplexing
widespread ... acute

112. Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a
crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members
of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent
often prevents ____ .
demur
schism
cooperation
compliance
shortsightedness

2.G 特征人物：
描述主体特征动作的词通常在物主代词之后。
consider ... as ... , portray ... as ... , label ... as ...
下级永远服从上级 , 不会提出任何批评意见。

113. The primary criterion for ____ a school is its recent
performance: critics are ____ to extend credit for earlier victories.
evaluating ... prone
judging ... reluctant
注：第一个空格所填的动名词的逻辑主语为critics , 特征动作：评价 , 赞
扬 , 批评

114. It is ironic that a critic of such overwhelming vanity now
suffers from a measure of the oblivion to which he was forever ____
others , in the end , all his ____ has only worked against him.
dedicating ... self-procession
leading ... self-righteousness
consigning ... self-adulation
relegating ... self-sacrifice
condemning ... self-analysis
注：a critic of such overwhelming vanity是一个表示人物特征的结构 , 特
征为vanity , 第二个空格重复这个特征。

115. Johnson never ____ to ignore the standards of decent
conduct mandated by company policy if ____ compliance with
instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so , whatever the
effects on his subordinates.
deigned ... tacit
attempted ... halfhearted
intended ... direct
scrupled ... literal
wished ... feigned
注：下级服从上级 , 所以第二个空格ACD , 有从感情色彩判断第一个空格。

116. Not wishing to appear ____ , the junior member of the
research group refrained from ____ any criticism of the senior
members' plan for dividing up responsibility for the entire project.
reluctant ... evaluating
inquisitive ... offering
presumptuous ... venturing
censorious ... undercutting
moralistic ... observing

117. Many industries are so ____ by the impact of government
sanctions , equipment failure , and foreign competition that they are
beginning to rely on industrial psychologists to ____ what remains of
employee morale.
estranged ... guard
beleaguered ... salvage
overruled ... undermine
encouraged ... determine
restrained ... confirm
注：psychologist的特征动作“救援 , 治疗 , 恢复”

118. Numerous historical examples illustrate both the overriding
influence that scientists' ____ have on their interpretation of data
and the consequent ____ of their intellectual objectivity.
prejudices ... impairment
instruments ... abandonment
theories ... independence
conclusions ... coloration
suppositions ... reinforcement
注：scientist的特征动作只有客观和非客观。

119. Their ____ was expressed in quotidian behavior: they
worshipped regularly , ____ all the regenerative processes of nature
respect , and even awe.
selflessness ... reserving to
moderation ... extending to
reverence ... exacting from
piety ... according
serenity ... refusing

120. The fortresslike facade of the Museum of Cartoon Art seems
calculated to remind visitors that the comic strip is an art form
that has often been-- by critics.
charmed
assailed
unnoticed
exhilarated
overwhelmed
注：critics特征动作：评价 , 赞扬 , 批评

121. Although skeptics say financial problems will probably ____
our establishing a base on the Moon. Supporters of the project remain
____ , saying that human curiosity should overcome such pragmatic
constraints.
beset ... disillusioned
hasten ... hopeful
postpone ... pessimistic
prevent ... enthusiastic
allow ... unconvinced

2.H 主动被动或逆否命题的重复：
A→B；B→A句型：主动被动重复 , 逆否命题重复

122. If duty is the natural ____ of one's ____ the course of
future events , then people who are powerful have duty placed on them
whether they like it or not.
correlate ... understanding of
outgrowth ... control over
determinant ... involvement in
mitigant ... preoccupation with
arbiter ... responsibility for
注：主动被动的重复（特征词：by , through , is the result of , is the
outgrowth of , is the product of , 否则为逆否命题的重复）

123. Any population increase beyond a certain level necessitates
greater ____ vegetable foods; thus , the ability of a society to
choose meat over cereals always arises , in part , from ____ the
number of people.
reliance on ... replenishing
production of ... estimating
spending on ... concealing
recourse to ... limiting
attention to ... varying

3 感情色彩：褒义贬义、正面负面、肯定否定

124. A war , even if fought for individual liberty and
democratic rights , usually requires that these principles be ____ ,
for they are ____ the regimentation and discipline necessary for
military efficiency.
espoused ... contrary to
suppressed ... fulfilled through
suspended ... incompatible with
followed ... disruptive of
rejected ... inherent in
注：由even引导的转折关系可知 , 第一个空格是贬义词 , for表示原因 , 也应
该是贬义词。

125. The influence of the Titnaeus among early philosophical
thinkers was ____ , if only because it was the sole dialogue ____ in
Europe for almost 1 , 000 years.
pervasive ... available
inestimable ... suppressed
unnoteworthy ... abridged
underestimated ... studied
circumscribed ... translated
注：if only because是一个连词短语 , 表示轻蔑的唯一的一个原因；only
because表示认同的唯一的原因。两者有明显的感情差别。

126. Individual freedom of thought should be ____ more
absolutely than individual freedom of action , given that the
latter , though also desirable , must be ____ the limits imposed by
the rights and freedom of others.(P.236)
protected ... subject to
assessed ... measured by
valued ... superior to
exercised ... indifferent to
curtailed ... conscious of

127. The current demand for quality in the schools seems to ask
not for the development of informed and active citizens , but for
disciplined and productive workers with abilities that contribute to
civic life only ____ (贬义) , if at all.（如果真要发生的话）
indirectly
politically
intellectually
sensibly
sequentially

128. Walpole's art collection was huge and fascinating , and his
novel The Castle of Otranto was never out of print; none of this
mattered to the Victorians , who ____ him as , at best , ____ .
dismissed ... insignificant
judged ... worthwhile
revered ... talented
reviled ... meager
taunted ... dangerous

129. As for the alleged value of expert opinion , one need only
____ government records to see ____ evidence of the failure of such
opinions in many fields.
inspect ... questionable
retain ... circumstantial
distribute ... possible
consult ... strong
evaluate ... problematic

130. Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the
sense that it is a collective attempt to ____ experience by reducing
it into discrete parcels.
extrapolate
transcribe
complicate
amplify
manage

131. Despite the ____ of many of their colleagues , some
scholars have begun to emphasize "pop culture" as a key for ____ the
myths , hopes , and fears of contemporary society.
antipathy ... entangling
discernment ... evaluating
pedantry ... reinstating
skepticism ... deciphering
enthusiasm ... symbolizing

132. Ironically , the party leaders encountered no greater ____
their efforts to build a progressive party than the ____ of the
progressives already elected to the legislature.
support for ... advocacy
threat to ... promise
benefit from ... success
obstacle to ... resistance
praise for ... reputation

4 一些实用原则

4.A 逻辑推理上注意避免发散思维
133. Animals that have tasted unpalatable plants tend to ____
them afterward on the basis of their most conspicuous features , such
as their flowers.
recognize
hoard
trample
retrieve
approach

134. The commissions criticized the legislature for making
college attendance dependent on the ability to pay , charging that ,
as a result , hundreds of qualified young people would be ____
further education.
entitled to
striving for
deprived of
uninterested in
participating in

135. During the widespread fuel shortage , the price of gasoline
was so ____ that suppliers were generally thought to be ____ the
consumer.
reactive ... shielding
stable ... blackmailing
depressed ... cheating
prohibitive ... placating
excessive ... gouging

4.B 逻辑关系上最直接的选项永远是正确选项
136. In part of the Arctic , the land grades into the landfast
ice so ____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over
the hidden sea.
permanently
imperceptibly
irregularly
precariously
slightly

137. The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ____
system; its strata remain ____ and the practitioners in them have
very little vertical mobility.
health ... skilled
delivery ... basic
regimental ... flexible
training ... inferior
caste ... intact

138. Poe's ____ reviews of contemporary fiction , which often
find great merit in otherwise ____ literary gems , must make us
respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary
talent.
thorough ... completed
petulant ... unpopular
insightful ... unappreciated
enthusiastic ... acclaimed
harsh ... undeserving

5 解题技巧的局限性

139. Whereas the art critic Vasari saw the painting entitled the
Mona Lisa as an original and wonderful ____ feat , the reproduction
of a natural object , the aesthetes saw it as ____ that required
deciphering.
collaborative ... an aberration
historical ... a symbol
technical ... a hieroglyph
mechanical ... an imitation
visual ... an illusion
注：whereas和while一样表对照而不是对立的转折 , 所以这时连词的前后只要
不一样即可

140. The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its ____
provisions. but in its broader impact: it made the king subject to
the law.
specific
revolutionary
implicit
controversial
finite

6 注意事项

1. although ... continue ...句型的解法。
2. 时间对比题型的解法。
3. as ... as句型有多种用法，但是只有小连接才能直接用于解题。
4. 诸如motivated by its motivation 题型的解法。
5. without ... or ... 为同义关系。
6. at best , little more than 修饰轻微贬义，examine为中型词。
7. until单独用等于before，时间对比，反以。
8. 特殊并列句的解法。
9. end up being sth 以 ... 为结局。
10. no longer 修饰过去的动作或状态。
11. stop short of doing 差一点就 ...
12. 固定观点“科学过去是客观的，现在是带偏见的”。
13. but nevertheless 表递进转折，程度加深；nevertheless用作副词
时，义为under other conditions.
14. 因果句一般都是同义重复或上下义重复。
15. equally , such , similar , corresponding表同意。
16. 分号后的indeed在填空中都表示肯定和递进。
17. not so much ... as ... “与其说 ... 不如说 ...”
18. A→B；B→A 不是主动被动重复，就是逆否命题重复。
19. 低级成员永远服从高级成员。
20. all the more（更加）句型为强调表语。
21. 强调原因句型的特殊解法，见218页。
22. 介词前后连接动词不定式构成小连接。
23. 一套比较结构中比较双方相反；两套比较结构中比较双方不变。
24. 分隔一般都是同义重复，但当分隔由whatever、instead of、yet、
but或very引导时，分隔为反以重复。
25. 空对空题，一般第二空会有提示。
26. 隐含比较结构。
27. while , wheras只表转折，不表对立。
28. continue , remain , lead to为同意重复；become ,
transition , change为反意重复。
29. 时间对比，人物特征，褒贬关系
30. 第一个空格添副词，这种情况下通常将副词忽略不计而将上句当成是完整句来理解。
31. 主语为并列主语，其表语可分为两类：相同和不同.并且只有different , distinct , antithetical , irreconcilable可表达出不同性，其他形容词作表语只能表达出两者相同这一概念。见到并列主语添表语的情况首先考虑两者是相同还是不同，而一般都是不同。
32. or单独使用可连同义或反义词，但当与not或without合用时，一般连接同义词。
33. 公平（evenhanded）与效率（efficiency）被学者们认为是反义词。
34. 两个形容词同时修饰一个名词，并且用but、albeit或其他转折词连接两个形容词，则这两个形容词应满足：.构成转折、不能是对立面反义词、通常两词应为褒贬转折关系。（失误较多）
35. not so much ... as ... 与其说是 ... 不如说是 ... , 前后连接两个截然相反的观点：如与其说他输了比赛，不如说他赢了人心。
36. whereas和while一样表对照而不是对立的转折，所以这时连词的前后只要不一样即可。
37. until单独使用相当于before，并且强调之前与之后的对比。
38. remain或是continue作主体动词，有两种典型考法：一、原文出现当初的状态，continue或remain之后添现在的状态；二、先出现though或其他转折方式，然后接continue或remain，此种转折只能是程度下降的转折.。
39. 无明确含义的词一般都不会成为答案，如存在vary , increase和decrease时，首先排除vary，又如存在character , defect和highlight时首先排除character。
40. solely和only出现应给予高度重视，因为他们表示出了唯一性和排他
性。

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