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需要本月 GMAT AWA带着TOPIC的机经的XDJM看过来(from GR)

2002-11-15 22:11:37

快考试了,整理出来最近的带着TOPIC的AWA机经, 看到坛子上有人需要,我才想起来可能会有点用处,省得大家再去翻孙远的书找TOPIC了,题号以孙远的为准,10月21号开始的,可能不全,只是我看到的部分. 欢迎大家补充

11月开始到10号的


AI: 1, 2, 3, 9,10, 12,16, 21, 24, 33, 34, 37, 39, 45, 57, 60, 68, 72, 75, 81,87, 107,109, 124, 130, 131


1.In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.

2.It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world.s energy resources for future generations..

3.Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A flat.organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees..

9.Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace..

10.In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.

12.Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life..

16.Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today.s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today.s society..

21.Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity..

24.A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official..

33.People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform..

34.All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants..

37.Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities..

39.It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.

45.The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics..

57.Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another.s differences..

60.Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees.health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees permission..

65.The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing..
* homogeneity: sameness, similarity


68.Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed..

72.Companies should not try to improve employees. performance by giving incentives . for example, awards or gifts. These incentives
encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well..

75.There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear..

81.No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or .get rich. in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking..

87.As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business..

107.The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole..


109.Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly..

124.The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a long-term commitment to the organization.

130.When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job..

131.We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work..



AA: 2, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 28, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47,55, 61, 62, 64, 72, 82, 86, 105, 108,110.112, 123, 125


2．The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.

When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees..

11.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro..

13.The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses.

The Cumquat Cafe began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last year.s totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable..

16.The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.

Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times
are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields..

Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

17.The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine.

Two of today.s best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease..

18.The following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department.

Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then
working . not in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are..


28.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company.s projections. However, commuter use of the shuttle buses that transport people to the subway stations is below the projected volume. If the transit company expects commuters to ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there, it must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations..

31.The following appeared as part of the business plan of an investment and financial consulting firm.

Studies suggest that an average coffee drinker.s consumption of coffee increases with age, from age 10 through age 60. Even after age 60, coffee consumption remains high. The average cola drinker.s consumption of cola, however, declines with increasing age. Both of these trends have remained stable for the past 40 years. Given that the number of older adults will significantly increase as the population ages over the next 20 years, it follows that the demand for coffee will increase and the demand for cola will decrease during this period. We should, therefore, consider transferring our investments from Cola Loca to Early Bird Coffee..

32.The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.

A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue
for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service..

34.The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.

The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available..

38.The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.

Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand..

39.The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.

On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia.s passengers..


40.The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine.

The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar.s sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar.s trade deficit..


43.The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.

There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals..

44.The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.

Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer.s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores..

46.The following appeared in a memorandum from the directors of a security and safety consulting service.

Our research indicates that over the past six years no incidents of employee theft have been reported within ten of the companies that have been our clients. In analyzing the security practices of these ten companies, we have further learned that each of them requires its employees to wear photo identification badges while at work. In the future, therefore, we should recommend the use of such identification badges to all of our clients..


47.The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.

The owners of the Cumquat Café evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Café will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Café.s move, three different businesses: a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet-grooming shop .have occupied its former spot..

55.The following appeared in an Excelsior Company memorandum.

The Excelsior Company plans to introduce its own brand of coffee. Since coffee is an expensive food item, and since there are already many established brands of coffee, the best way to gain customers for the Excelsior brand is to do what Superior, the leading coffee company, did when it introduced the newest brand in its line of coffees: conduct a temporary sales promotion that offers free samples, price reductions, and discount coupons for the new brand..


61.The following appeared as part of a recommendation by one of the directors of the Beta Company.
The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off fifteen percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels, and it is encouraging early retirement for other employees. As you know, the Beta Company manufactures some products similar to Alpha.s, but our profits have fallen over the last few years. To improve Beta.s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha.s former workers, since these experienced workers can provide valuable information about Alpha.s successful methods, will require little training, and will be particularly motivated to compete against Alpha..

62.The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town''s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines..

64.The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.

.Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as
the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made..

72.The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store.

Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments..

82.The following appeared in the editorial section of a daily newspaper.

Although forecasts of presidential elections based on opinion polls measure current voter preference, many voters keep changing their minds about whom they prefer until the last few days before the balloting. Some do not even make a final decision until they enter the voting booth. Forecasts based on opinion polls are therefore little better at predicting election outcomes than a random guess would be..
86.The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a daily newspaper.

Company A has a large share of the international market in video-game hardware and software. Company B, the pioneer in these products, was once a $12 billion-a-year giant but collapsed when children became bored with its line of products. Thus Company A can also be
expected to fail, especially given the fact that its games are now in so many American homes that the demand for them is nearly exhausted..

105.The following appeared in an editorial from a newspaper serving the town of Saluda.

The Saluda Consolidated High School offers over 200 different courses from which its students can choose. A much smaller private school down the street offers a basic curriculum of only 80 different courses, but it consistently sends a higher proportion of its graduating seniors on to college than Consolidated does. By eliminating at least half of the courses offered there and focusing on a basic curriculum, we could improve student performance at Consolidated and also save many tax dollars.

108.The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.

After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members. Therefore, in order to increase membership in Take Heart, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market..

110.The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.

We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise otlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot . the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow.s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter..

112.The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town.s business manager.

Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don.t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda.s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately
50% and thereby achieve a balanced town budget..

123.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a River City newspaper.

The Clio Development Group.s plan for a multilevel parking garage on Dock Street should be approved in order to strengthen the economy of the surrounding area. Although most of the buildings on the block would have to be demolished, they are among the oldest in the city and thus of little current economic value. Those who oppose the project should realize that historic preservation cannot be the only consideration: even Athens or Jerusalem will knock down old buildings to put up new ones that improve the local economy..

125.The following appeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm.

Across town in the Park Hill district, the Thespian Theater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases over the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in the Roxy Playhouse, the Slice-o.-Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three new businesses in the Irongate district. As a condition, we should require them to participate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of the businesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivating customers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitability of each and maximize our return..


10月21号到10月底的

AI: 1, 2, 3, 9,10, 12,16, 21, 24, 33, 34, 37, 39, 45, 57, 60, 68, 72, 75, 81,87, 107,109, 124, 130, 131


1.In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.

2.It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world.s energy resources for future generations..

3.Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A flat.organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees..

9.Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace..

10.In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.

12.Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life..

16.Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today.s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today.s society..

21.Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity..

24.A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official..

33.People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform..

34.All citizens should be required to perform a specified amount of public service. Such service would benefit not only the country as a whole but also the individual participants..

37.Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities..

39.It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.

45.The most effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long period of time is to follow the highest standards of ethics..

57.Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful of one another.s differences..

60.Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees.health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees permission..

65.The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity*. Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing..
* homogeneity: sameness, similarity

68.Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed..

72.Companies should not try to improve employees. performance by giving incentives . for example, awards or gifts. These incentives
encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well..

75.There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear..

81.No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or .get rich. in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking..

87.As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business..

107.The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole..


109.Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example, employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly..

124.The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a long-term commitment to the organization.

130.When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job..

131.We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work..



AA: 2, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 28, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47,55, 61, 62, 64, 72, 82, 86, 105, 108,110.112, 123, 125


2．The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.

When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees..

11.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro..

13.The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses.

The Cumquat Cafe began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last year.s totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable..

16.The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.

Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times
are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields..

Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

17.The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine.

Two of today.s best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease..

18.The following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department.

Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then
working . not in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are..


28.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company.s projections. However, commuter use of the shuttle buses that transport people to the subway stations is below the projected volume. If the transit company expects commuters to ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there, it must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations..

31.The following appeared as part of the business plan of an investment and financial consulting firm.

Studies suggest that an average coffee drinker.s consumption of coffee increases with age, from age 10 through age 60. Even after age 60, coffee consumption remains high. The average cola drinker.s consumption of cola, however, declines with increasing age. Both of these trends have remained stable for the past 40 years. Given that the number of older adults will significantly increase as the population ages over the next 20 years, it follows that the demand for coffee will increase and the demand for cola will decrease during this period. We should, therefore, consider transferring our investments from Cola Loca to Early Bird Coffee..

32.The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.

A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue
for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service..

34.The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.

The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available..

38.The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.

Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand..

39.The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.

On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia.s passengers..


40.The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine.

The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar.s sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar.s trade deficit..


43.The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.

There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals..

44.The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.

Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer.s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores..

46.The following appeared in a memorandum from the directors of a security and safety consulting service.

Our research indicates that over the past six years no incidents of employee theft have been reported within ten of the companies that have been our clients. In analyzing the security practices of these ten companies, we have further learned that each of them requires its employees to wear photo identification badges while at work. In the future, therefore, we should recommend the use of such identification badges to all of our clients..


47.The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.

The owners of the Cumquat Café evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Café will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Café.s move, three different businesses: a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet-grooming shop .have occupied its former spot..

55.The following appeared in an Excelsior Company memorandum.

The Excelsior Company plans to introduce its own brand of coffee. Since coffee is an expensive food item, and since there are already many established brands of coffee, the best way to gain customers for the Excelsior brand is to do what Superior, the leading coffee company, did when it introduced the newest brand in its line of coffees: conduct a temporary sales promotion that offers free samples, price reductions, and discount coupons for the new brand..


61.The following appeared as part of a recommendation by one of the directors of the Beta Company.

The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off fifteen percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels, and it is encouraging early retirement for other employees. As you know, the Beta Company manufactures some products similar to Alpha.s, but our profits have fallen over the last few years. To improve Beta.s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha.s former workers, since these experienced workers can provide valuable information about Alpha.s successful methods, will require little training, and will be particularly motivated to compete against Alpha..

62.The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.

Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town''s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines..

64.The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.

.Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as
the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made..

72.The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store.

Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments..

82.The following appeared in the editorial section of a daily newspaper.

Although forecasts of presidential elections based on opinion polls measure current voter preference, many voters keep changing their minds about whom they prefer until the last few days before the balloting. Some do not even make a final decision until they enter the voting booth. Forecasts based on opinion polls are therefore little better at predicting election outcomes than a random guess would be..

86.The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a daily newspaper.

Company A has a large share of the international market in video-game hardware and software. Company B, the pioneer in these products, was once a $12 billion-a-year giant but collapsed when children became bored with its line of products. Thus Company A can also be
expected to fail, especially given the fact that its games are now in so many American homes that the demand for them is nearly exhausted..

105.The following appeared in an editorial from a newspaper serving the town of Saluda.

The Saluda Consolidated High School offers over 200 different courses from which its students can choose. A much smaller private school down the street offers a basic curriculum of only 80 different courses, but it consistently sends a higher proportion of its graduating seniors on to college than Consolidated does. By eliminating at least half of the courses offered there and focusing on a basic curriculum, we could improve student performance at Consolidated and also save many tax dollars.

108.The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.

After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members. Therefore, in order to increase membership in Take Heart, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market..

110.The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.

We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot . the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow.s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter..

112.The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town.s business manager.

Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don.t exercise. By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda.s municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health insurance coverage by approximately
50% and thereby achieve a balanced town budget..

123.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a River City newspaper.

The Clio Development Group.s plan for a multilevel parking garage on Dock Street should be approved in order to strengthen the economy of the surrounding area. Although most of the buildings on the block would have to be demolished, they are among the oldest in the city and thus of little current economic value. Those who oppose the project should realize that historic preservation cannot be the only consideration: even Athens or Jerusalem will knock down old buildings to put up new ones that improve the local economy..

125.The following appeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm.

Across town in the Park Hill district, the Thespian Theater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases over the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in the Roxy Playhouse, the Slice-o.-Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three new businesses in the Irongate district. As a condition, we should require them to participate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of the businesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivating customers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitability of each and maximize our return..

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