陈圣元新增填空解答(994)

作者：陈圣元 2002-4-18 0:54:28 99年4月section 2

1.【中文释义】因为商界变得清醒意识到他们的广告必须着眼于消费者日常关心之物，所以他们的商业广告将会有更多的现实主义的特征。

【解题分析】as引导一个简单的因果关系，第二空格应与上文的everyday concerns相关，同义或反义取决于第一个空格，但在五个选项中, everyday concerns的同义词或反义词只出现一个b的realism, 故直接选b即可。

【重点词条】allay 1: to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity:alleviate <expect a breeze to ~ the heat> 2: to make quiet: calm ~
vi, obs: to diminish in strength: subside syn see relieve address 1 archaic a: direct, aim b: to direct to go: send 2 a: to direct the efforts or attention of (oneself) <will ~ himself to the problem> b: to deal with: treat <intrigued by the chance to ~
important issues --I. L. Horowitz> 3 archaic: to make ready; esp:dress 4 a: to communicate directly <~es his thanks to his host> b: to speak or write directly to; esp: to deliver a formal speech to 5 a:
to mark directions for delivery on <~ a letter> b: to consign to the
care of another (as an agent or factor) 6: to greet by a prescribed
form 7: to adjust the club preparatory to hitting (a golf ball) 8: to
identify (as a peripheral or memory location) by an address or a name
for information transfer ~ vi, obs: to direct one's speech or
attentions -- ad.dress.er n 2ad.dress n (1539) 1: dutiful and
courteous attention esp. in courtship--usu. used in pl. 2 a:
readiness and capability for dealing (as with a person or problem)
skillfully and smoothly: adroitness b obs: a making ready; also: a
state of preparedness 3 a: manner of bearing oneself <a man of rude
~> b: manner of speaking or singing: delivery 4: a formal
communication; esp: a prepared speech delivered to a special audience
or on a special occasion 5 a: a place where a person or organization
may be communicated with b: directions for delivery on the outside of
an object (as a letter or package) c: the designation of place of
delivery placed between the heading and salutation on a business
letter 6: a preparatory position of the player and club in golf 7: a
location (as in the memory of a computer) where particular
information is stored; also: the digits that identify such a location
syn see tact

2.【中文释义】因为这个律师的方法被查明是很无耻的，所以纪律委员会废除了他的特权。

【重点词条】unscrupulous not scrupulous: unprincipled --
un.scru.pu.lous.ly adv -- un.scru.pu.lous.ness n

revoke 1: to annul by recalling or taking back: rescind <~ a will> 2:
to bring or call back ~ vi: to fail to follow suit when able in a
card game in violation of the rules -- re.vok.er n 2revoke n (1709):
an act or instance of revoking in a card game

reprehensible : worthy of or deserving reprehension: culpable --
rep.re.hen.si.bil.i.ty n -- rep.re.hen.si.ble.ness n --
rep.re.hen.si.bly adv

augment 1: to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more intense
<the impact of the report was ~ed by its timing> 2: to add an augment
to 3: supplement <~ed her scholarship by working nights> ~ vi: to
become augmented syn see increase -- aug.ment.er or aug.men.tor n
2aug.ment n (ca. 1771): a vowel prefixed or a lengthening of the
initial vowel to mark past time esp. in Greek and Sanskrit verbs

　

3.【中文释义】如此具有智慧和成就的人居然会如此贪婪并且缺乏正直感，以至于他们不惜违反法律，以它们的声誉为赌注来进一步推进他们自己最终成就。

【解题分析】nonetheless表转折，所以第一空格应填贬义，第二空格褒义，再由so--that 结构，可得答案e。

【重点词条】devious 1: out-of-the-way, remote 2 a: wandering,
roundabout <a ~ path> b: moving without a fixed course: errant <~
breezes> 3 a: deviating from a right, accepted, or common course b:
not straightforward: cunning; also: deceptive -- de.vi.ous.ly adv --
de.vi.ous.ness n

integrity 1: firm adherence to a code of esp. moral or artistic
values: incorruptibility 2: an unimpaired condition: soundness 3: the
quality or state of being complete or undivided: completeness

　

4.【中文释义】一些科学家发表文章来揭示全球变暖的真相，断然指出并没有充分的科学论据支持这个理论由于温室气体的增加，地球正在变暖。

【解题分析】第二空格填副词，可以不予考虑，直接由这一段文字知学者们认为温室效应并无根据，这一段分隔就是对前文的重复，可选出a.b.d,而b.d第二个副词又不对，故选a。

【重点词条】debunk : to expose the sham or falseness of <~ a legend> -
- de.bunk.er categorical 1: absolute, unqualified <a ~ denial> 2 a:
of, relating to, or constituting a category b: involving, according
with, or considered with respect to specific categories --
cat.e.gor.i.cal.ly adv

deplore 1 a: to feel or express grief for b: to regret strongly 2: to
consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation --

5.【中文释义】这个议员企图使公众确信她对参加第二届连任竞选毫无兴趣，这种企图与她的对手希望掩盖自己与她竞选的企图一样不成功。
【解题分析】这个句子已经是第三次出现了，又少许变了点花样，句子简化后为the attempt is as unsuccessful as her opponent's attempt. 事实上只要挑一个能修饰主语attempt的形容词就可以了，答案b。

【重点词条】inadvertent 1: not focusing the mind on a matter:
inattentive 2: unintentional -- in.ad.ver.tent.ly adv

remote 1: separated by an interval or space greater than usual <an
involucre ~ from the flower> 2: far removed in space, time, or
relation: divergent <the ~ past> <comments ~ from the truth> 3: out-
of-the-way, secluded <a ~ cabin in the hills> 4: acting, acted on, or
controlled indirectly or from a distance <~ computer

6.【中文释义】默克莱里的谈话展示着自己的愚蠢：她从来不能讲一个故事，主要因为她总是忘记，并且，除非是意外情况，她从来都没有能力理解一个俏皮话。

【解题分析】冒号前后表示解释，冒号后显然是在展示她的各种愚蠢的表现。be guilty of 的含义在这一句子中知“理解了或意识到了...".

【重点词条】stultify 1: to allege or prove to be of unsound mind and
hence not responsible 2: to cause to appear or be stupid, foolish, or
absurdly illogical 3 a: to impair, invalidate, or make ineffective:
negate b: to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on --
stul.ti.fi.ca.tion n

guilty: syn conscious, cognizant Page 1010 Webster's Third New
International Dictionary

　

7.【中文释义】不管不顾对它的许多批评，阅读教学法的纯文本宗旨继续在教育
家中获得主流地位。

【解题分析】两个空格应为反义词，正确答案c。

【重点词条】detractor 1 archaic: to speak ill of 2 archaic: to take
away 3: divert <~ attention> ~ vi: to diminish the importance, value,
or effectiveness of something--often used with from -- de.trac.tor n

notoriety 1: the quality or state of being notorious 2: a notorious
person

prevalence 1: the quality or state of being prevalent 2: the degree
to which something is prevalent; esp: the percentage of a population
that is affected with a particular disease at a given time

credibility 1: the quality or power of inspiring belief <an account
lacking in ~> 2: capacity for belief <strains her reader's ~ --Times
Lit. Supp.>

　

99年4月section 5

1.【中文释义】她对攀岩很害怕，这并没有动摇她去参加朋友们攀岩历险的决心。

【重点词条】aspiration 1 a: audible breath that accompanies or
comprises a speech sound b: the pronunciation or addition of an
aspiration; also: the symbol of an aspiration 2: a drawing of
something in, out, up, or through by or as if by suction: as a: the
act of breathing and esp. of breathing in b: the withdrawal of fluid
or tissue from the body c: the taking of foreign matter into the
lungs with the respiratory current 3 a: a strong desire to achieve
something high or great b: an object of such desire syn see ambition -
- as.pi.ra.tion.al adj

knowledgeable ): having or exhibiting knowledge or intelligence:
keen -- knowl.edge.abil.i.ty n -- knowl.edge.able.ness n --
knowl.edge.ably adv

　

2.【中文释义】关于高浓度的具有潜在危险的化学物对少量人口的效果的数据总是频繁地被用来预测更低的同种化学物在更大数量人口中的影响。

【解题分析】句子主干为data are used to predict (c) the effects 能和data构成搭配的是c

【重点词条】augment 1: to make greater, more numerous, larger, or
more intense <the impact of the report was ~ed by its timing> 2: to
add an augment to 3: supplement <~ed her scholarship by working
nights> ~ vi: to become

3.【中文释义】从概念上来看，很难调和这两个概念：其一是辩护律师的责任来确保不会故意地提供虚假证词，其二是律师的被授予的权利来为当事人准备令人信服的最有力的辩护词。

【解题分析】只要分清主干reconcile a defense attorney's ( ) with the
attorney's mandate即可知空格应填mandate的反义词。

【重点词条】mandate 1: an authoritative command; esp: a formal order
from a superior court or official to an inferior one 2: an
authorization to act given to a representative <accepted the ~ of the
people> 3 a: an order or commission granted by the League of Nations
to a member nation for the establishment of a responsible government
over a former German colony or other conquered territory b: a
mandated territory 2mandate vt man.dat.ed man.dat.ing (1919) 1: to
administer or assign (as a territory) under a mandate 2: to make
mandatory: order; also: direct, require

mount 1: a high hill: mountain--used esp. before an identifying name
<Mount Everest> 2 archaic: a protective earthwork 3: mound 2a(1)
2mount vb [ME, fr. MF monter, fr. (assumed) VL montare, fr. L mont-,
mons] vi (14c) 1: rise, ascend 2: to increase in amount or extent
<expenses began to ~> 3: to get up on something above the level of
the ground; esp: to seat oneself (as on a horse) for riding ~ vt 1 a:
to go up: climb b (1): to seat or place oneself on (2): cover 6a 2 a:
to lift up: raise b (1): to put or have (as artillery) in position
(2): to have as equipment c (1): to organize and equip (an attacking
force) <~ an army> (2): to launch and carry out (as an assault or a
campaign) 3: to set on something that elevates 4 a: to cause to get
on a means of conveyance b: to furnish with animals for riding 5: to
post or set up for defense or observation <~ed some guards> 6 a: to
attach to a support b: to arrange or assemble for use or display 7 a:
to prepare (as a specimen) for examination or display b: to prepare
and supply with the materials necessary for performance or execution:
produce <~ an opera> -- mount.able adj -- mount.er n 3mount n (15c)
1: an act or instance of mounting; specif: an opportunity to ride a
horse in a race 2: frame, support: as a: the material (as cardboard)
on which a picture is mounted b: a jewelry setting c (1): an
undercarriage or part on which a device (as a motor or an artillery
piece) rests in service (2): an attachment for an accessory d: a
hinge, card, or acetate envelope for mounting a stamp e: a glass
slide with its accessories on which objects are placed for
examination with a microscope 3: a means of conveyance; esp: saddle
horse

4.【中文释义】“现代”这个词汇被历史学家们用得非常广泛，最近的汇报表明，它得含义已经变得比以往任何时候都更不确定。

【解题分析】由be used broadly可推断"modern"的含义现在变得“不确定”

【重点词条】pejorative a pejorative word or phrase 2pejorative adj
[LL pejoratus, pp. of pejorare to make or become worse, fr. L pejor
worse; akin to Skt padyate he falls, L ped-, pes foot--more at foot]
(ca. 1888): having negative connotations; esp: tending to disparage
or belittle: depreciatory -- pe.jo.ra.tive.ly adv

\ amorphous 1 a: having no definite form: shapeless <an ~ cloud mass>
b: being without definite character or nature: unclassifiable <an ~
segment of society> c: lacking organization or unity <an ~ style> 2:
having no real or apparent crystalline form: uncrystallized <an ~
mineral> -- amor.phous.ly adv -- amor.phous.ness n

5.【中文释义】他不会容忍任何讨论，最终他命令我们沉默。

【解题分析】and前后表因果，符合因果关系得只有a。

【重点词条】fathom 1: a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83
meters) used esp. for measuring the depth of water 2: comprehension
2fathom vi (1607) 1: probe 2: to take soundings ~ vt 1: to measure by
a sounding line 2: to penetrate and come to understand <couldn't ~
the problem> -- fath.om.able adj

6.【中文释义】从体质上说，大多数对通俗文化的理性批判在其内涵上是可笑的，它们建立在这样的假设之上，即吸引力越广泛，作品越受欢迎。

【解题分析】后半句的假设实际上就是通俗文化的精神实质，所以理性批判的前提假设实际上与通俗文化一致，故理性批判对通俗文化的批判就变成了对自己的根本前提的批判，所以非常可笑。

【重点词条】appeal 1: a legal proceeding by which a case is brought
before a higher court for review of the decision of a lower court 2:
a criminal accusation 3 a: an application (as to a recognized
authority) for corroboration, vindication, or decision b: an earnest
plea: entreaty 4: the power of arousing a sympathetic response:
attraction <movies had a great ~ for him> 2appeal vb [ME appelen to
accuse, appeal, fr. MF apeler, fr. L appellare, fr. appellere to
drive to, fr. ad- + pellere to drive--more at felt] vt (14c) 1: to
charge with a crime: accuse 2: to take proceedings to have (a lower
court's decision) reviewed in a higher court ~ vi 1: to take a lower
court's decision to a higher court for review 2: to call upon another
for corroboration, vindication, or decision 3: to make an earnest
request 4: to arouse a sympathetic response -- ap.peal.abil.i.ty n --
ap.peal.able adj -- ap.peal.er n

outlandish 1: of or relating to another country: foreign 2 a:
strikingly out of the ordinary: bizarre <an ~ costume> b: exceeding
proper or reasonable limits or standards 3: remote from civilization
syn see strange -- out.land.ish.ly adv -- out.land.ish.ness n

shoddy 1 a: a reclaimed wool from materials that are not felted that
is of better quality and longer staple than mungo b: a fabric often
of inferior quality manufactured wholly or partly from reclaimed wool
2 a: inferior, imitative, or pretentious articles or matter b:
pretentious vulgarity 2shoddy adj shod.di.er -est (1847) 1: made
wholly or partly of shoddy 2 a: cheaply imitative: vulgarly
pretentious b: hastily or poorly done: inferior c: shabby --
shod.di.ly adv -- shod.di.ness n

7.【中文释义】让人吃惊的是，考虑到稻谷只承受了如此少的降雨，收成是相当令人欢欣鼓舞的；随之而来的是这个国家的稻谷储量并没有减少。

【解题分析】由given 因果关系可得b,d,再由consequently可得b。

【重点词条】 replenish 1 a: to fill with persons or animals: stock b
archaic: to supply fully: perfect c: to fill with inspiration or
power: nourish 2 a: to fill or build up again <~ed his glass> b: to
make good: replace ~ vi: to become full: fill up again --
re.plen.ish.able adj -- re.plen.ish.er n -- re.plen.ish.ment n
　

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