阅读日记总结六：原文改写

http://www.admissiontest.org 2002-12-31 8:51:33 寄托天下作者:花儿

关于正确答案与原文之间的精确改写，其实有很多可以总结出来的规律，但是时间紧张我没来得及一一分类和归纳，先把这些点罗列出来，大家最好仔细找找对应，体会一下正确答案为什么是正确的，很有意思的，呵呵

原文改写题
No.4-1-2短P5 美国人对待奴隶的内在矛盾，观点全文一致型。
Many Americans besides Abigail Adams were struck by the inconsistency of their stand during the War of Independence, and they were not averse to making moves to emancipate the slaves. 对应19题
18．The passage contains information that would support which of the following statements about the colonies before the War of Independence?
(A) They contained organized antislavery societies.
(B) They allowed individuals to own slaves.
(C) They prohibited religious groups from political action.
(D) They were inconsistent in their legal definitions of slave status.
(E) They encouraged abolitionist societies to expand their influence.

★★No.4-1-2 长P6 性别比例稳定的原因（节外生枝）
And in my view correct 文字对应24题
24．It can be inferred that the author discusses the genetic theory on greater detail than the group selection theory primarily because he believes that the genetic theory is more?
(A) complicated (B) accurate (C) popular (D) comprehensive (E) accessible

No.4-1-5 长P16 哈代文风的不和谐（全文前后一致）
Prominently exhibits two 文字对应24题
24．The author implies which of the following about Under the Greenwood Thee in relation to Hardy’s other novels?
(A) It is Hardy’s most thorough investigation of the psychology of love.
(B) Although it is his most controlled novel, it does not exhibit any harsh or risky impulses.
(C) It, more than his other novels, reveals Hardy as a realist interested in the history of ordinary human beings.
(D) In it Hardy’s novelistic impulses are managed somewhat better than in his other novels.
(E) It’s plot like the plots of all of Hardy’s other novels, splits into two distinct parts.

★No.4-1-5 P17 现象解释型1段过程2段特性
Unfortunately in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity 文字对应27题
27．Which of the following sentences would most probably follow the last sentence of the passage?
(A) Thus, a physicist interested in studying phenomena near singularities would necessarily hope to find a singularity with a measurable gravitational field.
(B) Accordingly, physicists to date have been unable to observe directly any singularity
(C) It is specifically this startling phenomenon that has allowed us to codify the scant information currently available about singularities.
(D) Moreover, the existence of this extraordinary phenomenon is implied in the extensive reports of several physicists.
(E) Although unanticipated, phenomena such as these are consistent with the strueture of a singularity.

No.4-2-1 长P24 捕食者与被捕食者的智力进化
Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibillties in cold trails and distant sounds 对应20题
20．The sensitivity described in lines 56-61 is most clearly an example of
(A) “free-floating awareness”(lines 16-17)
(B) “flooding of impulses in the brain stem”(lines 29-30)
(C) “the holding of consistent images”(lines31-32)
(D) “integration of details with perceived ends and purposes”(lines37-38)
(E) “silk-thin veils of tranquility”(line64)

★★No.4-2-1 短 P25 Pessen 关于财富巨头理论的不正确性（前后态度不一致节外生枝）the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes 对应25题
25．According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy EXCEPT:
(A) They formed a distince upper class.
(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.
(C) Some of then worked as professionals or in business.
(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.

★No.4-2-4 长 P33 woolf 的文学风格（略读的范例）
Rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art.
对应21题
21．Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word “contemplative” as it is used in lines 43-44 of the passage?
(A) Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores
(B) Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment
(C) Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the reader’s judgment
(D) Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on an isolated individual consciousness
(E) Appreciating the world as the artist sees it rather than judging it in moral terms

Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art.
22. The author implies that a major element of the satirist’s art is the satirist’s
(A) consistent adherence to a position of lofty disdain when viewing the foibles of humanity
(B) insistence on the helplessness of individuals against the social forces that seek to determine an individual’s fate
(C) cynical disbelief that visionaries can either enlighten or improve their societies
(D) fundamental assumption that some in order for it to reflect society and social mores accurately
(E) refusal to indulge in polemic when presenting social mores to readers for their scrutiny

Crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic 对应19题
★19．It can be inferred from the passage that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary model because she believed that?
(A) Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters
(B) Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D.H.Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society
(C) Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with calling its accepted mores into question
(D) Chaucer’s writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moral attirudes of his readers
(E) Her own novels would be more widely read if, like Chaucer, she did not overtly and vehemently criticize contemporary society

No.4-2-4 短P34 人们对核反应堆的两个误解
Nuclear scientists are currently exploring with such zeal produces 对应27题
27．Which of the following statements concerning nuclear scientists is most
directly suggested in the passage?
(A) Nuclear scientists are not themselves aware of all of the facts surrounding the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction.
(B) Nuclear scientists exploring the deuteriumtritium reaction have overlooked key facts in their eagerness to prove nuclear fusion practical.
(C) Nuclear scientists may have overestimated the amount of lithium actually available in the Earth’s crust.
(D) Nuclear scientists have not been entirely dispassionate in their investigation of the deuterium-tritium reaction.
(E) Nuclear scientists have insufficiently investigated the lithium-to- tritium reaction in nuclear fusion.

NO.4-3-2 P47黑暗星云的成因
17. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar dust?
(A) Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.
(B) Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.
(C) The presence of hydrogen and helium gas is revealed
(D) The night sky appears dusty at all times to observers on Earth.
(E) The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.

原文
Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it.

18.It can be inferred from the passage that the density of interstellar material is
(A) higher where distances between the stars are shorter
(B) equal to that of interstellar dust
(C) unusually low in the vicinity of our Sun
(D) independent of the incidence of gaseous components
(E) not homogeneous throughout interstellar space

原文
The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not.

★★No.5-1-1 短 P64 种族偏见源于资本主义
20．According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist's chain of reasoning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was
(A) directed primarily against the Chinese
(B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews
(C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition
(D) provoked by workers
(E) nonracial in character
原文
peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race.

★No.5-1-2 长 P67 艺术创新与科学创新
23. The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are
(A) unjustifiably ignored by musicologists （大写名词）
(B) not generally considered to be of high aesthetic value even though they are important in the history of music
(C) among those works in which popular historical themes were portrayed in a musical production
(D) often inappropriately cited as examples of musical works in which a new principle of organization was introduced
(E) minor exceptions to the well-established generalization that the aesthetic worth of a composition determines its importance in the history of music
原文
Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music.

26. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that
(A) is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists
(B) is accepted immediately by the scientific community
(C) does not relegate particulars to the role of data
(D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact
(E) introduces a new valid generalization
原文
Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.

27. Which of the following statements would most logically concluded the last paragraph
of the passage?
(A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.
(B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited y the next generation of great European composers.
(C) Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.
(D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not ranscend limits is supported in the field of literature.
(E) Actually, Beethoven's most original works were largely unappreciated at the time that they were first performed.
原文
Rather, he was an income-parable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.

★★No.5-2-2 短 P83 视觉辨认一次完成/有先后顺序
19. It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is
(A) not a neural activity
(B) not possible when an object is viewed for the very first time
(C) not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in some way
(D) only possible when a retinal image is received in the brain as a unitary whole
(E) now fully understood as a combination of the serial and parallel processes
原文
When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized.

No.5-2-2 长 P86 院子，核，量三个等级
According to the passage, which of the following can be found in the atomic realm?
(A) More than one level of energy exchange
(B) Exactly one elementary particle
(C) Exactly three kinds of atomic structures
(D) Three levels on the quantum ladder
(E) No particles smaller than atoms
原文
The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low
oder.

No.5-3-1 短 P102 艺术-直觉与理性
17．The passage suggests that which of the following would most likely have occurred if linear perspective and anatomy had not come to influence artistic endeavor?
(A) The craftsmanship that shaped Gothic architecture would have continued to dominate artists' outlooks.
(B) Some other technical elements would have been adopted to discipline artistic inspiration.
(C) Intellectual control over artistic inspiration would not have influenced painting as it did architecture.
(D) The role of intuitive inspiration would not have remained fundamental to theories of artistic creation.
(E)The assumptions of aesthetic philosophers before Croce would have been invalidated.
原文
stained glass windows of Chartres. When this bracing element of craftsmanship ceased to dominate artists' outlook, new technical elements had to be adopted to maintain the intellectual element in art. Such were linear perspective and anatomy.
★GRE No.6-1-1 长　P120　对《黑人小说》的评价
21. The author of the passage objects　to criticism of Black fiction like that　by Addison Gayle because it　
(A) mphasizes purely literary aspects　of such fiction
(B) misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction
(C) misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction
(D) substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction
(E) ignores the interplay between Black history and Black identity displayed in such fiction
原文
Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

★No.6-2-1 短P141 N语言
18.According to the passage, some abstract universal ideas can be expressed in Hahuatl by
(A) taking away from a word any reference to particular instances
(B) removing a word from its associations with other words
(C) giving a word a new and opposite meaning
(D) putting various meaningful elements together in one word
(E) turning each word of a phrase into a poetic metaphor
原文
By the combination of radicals or semantic elements, single compound words can express complex conceptual relations, often of an abstract universal character.

★★No.6-2-1 长 P141 现象式结论
20.The author most likely mentions Hardy's principle of animal exclusion in order to
(A) give an example of one theory about the interaction of grazers and phytoplankton
(B) defend the first theory of algal defenses against grazing
(C) support the contention that phytoplankton numbers are controlled primarily by environmental factors
(D) demonstrate the superiority of laboratory studies of zooplankton feeding rates to other kinds of studies of such rates
(E) refute researchers who believed that low numbers of phytoplankton indicated the grazing effect of low numbers of zooplankton
原文
This was the first suggestion of algal defenses against grazing.

23. The author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding the pressure of grazers on phytoplankton numbers?
　I. Grazing pressure can vary according to the individual type of zooplankton.
　II. Grazing pressure can be lower in nutrient- poor lakes than in bog lakes.
　III.Grazing tends to exert about the same pressure as does temperature.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
原文
Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.

★No.6-2-4 长 P152 美国土地政策
22. The author implies that the change in the state of the American farmer's morale during the latter part of the nineteenth century was traceable to the American farmer's increasing perception that the
(A) costs of cultivating the land were prohibitive within the United States (B) development of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States occurred at the expense of the American farmer
(C) American farming system was about to run out of the new farmland that was required for its expansion.
(D) prices of American agricultural products were deteriorating especially rapidly on domestic markets
(E) proceeds from the sales of American agricultural products on foreign markets were unsatisfactory
原文
the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets.

23. According to the passage, which of the following occurred prior to 1890?
(A) Frederick J. Turner's thesis regarding the American frontier became influential.
(B) The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the United States.
(C) The manufacturers of technologically advanced agricultural machinery rapidly increased their marketing efforts.
(D) Direct lines of communication were constructed between the United States and South America.
(E) Technological advances made it fruitful to farm extensively on a mechanized basis.
原文
South America in 1874. By about 1870 improvements in agricultural technology made possible the full exploitation of areas that were most suitable for extensive farming on a mechanized basis.

★★No.6-3-2 短 P166 关于D风俗的评价
26. It can be inferred from the passage that the term "genre painting" would most likely apply to which of the following?
(A) A painting depicting a glorious moment of victory following a battle
(B) A painting illustrating a narrative from the Bible
(C) A portrayal of a mythological Greek goddess
(D) A portrayal of a servant engaged in his work
(E) A formal portrait of an eighteenth-century king
原文
both their self-consciousness and the spontaneity of their everyday activities

27. The argument of the passage best supports which of the following contentions concerning judgements of artistic work?
(A) Aesthetic judgments can be influenced by the political beliefs of those making the judgement.
(B) Judgments of the value of an artist's work made by his or her contemporaries must be discounted before a true judgment can be made.
(C) Modern aesthetic taste is once again moving in the direction of regarding idealistic painting as the most desirable form of painting.
(D) In order to be highly regarded, an artist cannot be solely identified with one particular kind of painting.
(E) Spontaneity is the most valuable quality a portrait painter can have.
原文
The Le Nain brothers and Georges de La Tour, who also chose such themes, were largely ignored. Their present high standing is due to a different, more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values:

21.The author suggests that, before the early 1950's, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?
(A) Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
(B) Used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature.
(C) Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
(D) Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindustrial European population.
(E) Tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage, and death records.
原文
for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial Europeam population

22.According to the passage, the case histories extracted by historians have
(A) scarcely illuminated the attitudes of the political and social elite
(B) indicated the manner in which those in power apportioned justice
(C) focused almost entirely on the thoughts and feelings of different social groups toward crime and the law
(D) been considered the first kind of historical writing that utilized the records of legal courts
(E) been based for the most part on the trial testimony of police and other legal authorities]
原文
Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined revealed how the authorities administered justice.

>>打印此页<<

>>关闭窗口<<